In some cases, applications can be based upon industry-accepted standards, as shown in Figure 10-27. For example, for devices that need to be able to connect to other devices to transfer data or to ...

When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works. A networking topology choice that is easily misunderstood. There are many questions that come to ...

We received this question from a student at a recent Profinet One-Day Training Class. I found it particularly prescient given the latest discussions going on around Industry 4.0. The question is ...

The two most common transport layer protocols are the transmission control protocol (TCP) and the user datagram protocol (UDP). One of the main differences between the two protocols is reliability.

Layers 7 through 4 are geared more to the application than the lower layers, which are designed to move packets from one place to another no matter what they contain. This top layer defines the ...

The third layer of the OSI Model, the network layer, is where most network engineers focus their time and expertise. As Darragh commented in my post on the data link layer, Layer 2 is cool but Layer 3 ...

According to the OSI Model, the session layer is where connections are established, managed, and torn down. For connection-oriented network protocols, understanding how the session layer works, and ...

If you have anything to do with networked AV and you're not well-versed in the OSI model, we've got you covered. You will learn the fundamental ideas around getting data from host A to host B over a ...