Algebraic structures and state theory represent a confluence of abstract algebra and logic, where the former provides a rigorous framework for describing systems such as BL-algebras, residuated ...

AbstractIn this paper, we generalize some concepts of convex analysis such as convex functions and linear functions on hyper-structures. Based on new definitions we obtain some important results in ...

Brains of healthy rats that are the same age share many features, such as similar numbers and types of neurons present in the six layers of the cortex. But how do neurons exchange information? Which ...

Hirzebruch's problem at the interface of topology and algebraic geometry has occupied mathematicians for more than 50 years. A professor of mathematics at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet in Munich ...

When particle physicists try to model experiments, they confront an impossible calculation — an infinitely long equation that lies beyond the reach of modern mathematics. Fortunately, they can ...

PNAS is the world's most-cited multidisciplinary scientific serial. It publishes high-impact research reports, commentaries, perspectives, reviews, colloquium papers, and actions of the Academy. In ...

How can the behavior of elementary particles and the structure of the entire universe be described using the same mathematical concepts? This question is at the heart of recent work by the ...

The purpose of all of the developmental mathematics courses is to support student success academically and beyond by advancing critical thinking and reasoning skills. Specifically in Algebra II, as a ...