Adaptive systems were supposed to simplify decision-making. Instead of hard-coded rules, engineers built models that could learn from data, respond to change, and improve over time. That promise still ...

Evolutionary psychologists suggest that if a set of behaviors—including social behaviors—meet certain criteria, it is reasonable to hypothesize that they evolved because they were, and may still be, ...

Operant conditioning is B.F. Skinner’s name for instrumental learning: learning by consequences. Not a new idea, of course. Humanity has always known how to teach children and animals by means of ...

The evolution of digital applications is redefining what makes technology effective. Increasingly, the value of software lies not in technical complexity but in its ability to align with how people ...